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| Travel: Art & Culture, Rome |
| art & culture - pop art - hotels - luxury shopping - London - Paris - Rome - New York |
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| Visiting Rome, walking tour - the Colosseum |
THE CAPITOL - used for the triumphal processions during the Roman Empire, is presently the house of the Mayor. A big flight of steps lead to Piazza del Campidoglio, the first modern square, with a great terrace overlooking Rome. Michelangelo designed the best square in the world (as it was published by the New York Times) and, after his death, Della Porta continued the works which went on until 1654. Here you'll find Palazzo dei Conservatori (Conservatories Palace) (1400), the Pinacoteca Capitolina and Museo Nuovo, whereas on the left, you'll find Palazzo Nuovo (1600). There are antique sculptures of marble and bronze representing the history of the city: the Capitoline Wolf and the famous bronze Statue of Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 80), the only surviving example of the many equestrian statues that adorned Rome. It used to stand in the centre of the square until 1980, when was moved to the Capitoline Museum. Today, in the centre of the square we find a perfect copy of it.
THE APPARTAMENTO DEI CONSERVATORI (Conservatories Apartment) - decorated with imposing frescoes of the 16th and 17th centuries representing the history of Rome. Its rooms preserve antique and Baroque sculptures, such as: the statue of Urban VIII, and the Testa di Medusa (Jellyfish Head) by Bernini. Don't miss the Roman tapestries of the 18th century. The Pinacoteca Capitolina houses paintings by: Caravaggio, Tiziano, and Rubens, as well as a beautiful collection of porcelains.
PIAZZA VENEZIA - the very heart of Rome. Its name comes from Palazzo Venezia built in 1455 by the Venetian Cardinal Paul II.
VICTOR EMMANUEL II MONUMENT - built at the beginning of this century to celebrate the first King of Italy, is today the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. |
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| VIA DEI FORI IMPERIALI (Imperial Fora Street) - built in 1932 and cut through the most fascinating Archaeological Area in the world, includes the Roman Forum and the Colosseum. In this area every single emperor left a sign of his greatness. If you start walking from Piazza Venezia, you'll find the Trajan's Column, built with 17 round marble blocks on a cubical base, Trajan's Forum, built in A.D. 100, and Nerva's Forum, built some few years before the former one.The construction of the Ara Pacis was ordered by Emperor Vespasian to celebrate the victory against the Jews, and it was restored some years later by Septimius Severus. If you keep walking towards the Coliseum, you'll find the Forum of Caesar, restored later by Trajan, and the Palatine Hill raising over the Fora. The legend says that the Palatine is the place where Romulus founded Rome. Here, you can admire: the house of Livia, Augustus' wife, the Temple of Magna Mater, the Augustan Domus, the Tiberian Domus, and the Flavian Domus. |
| THE COLOSSEUM - the most impressive amphitheatre ever existed in the Roman Empire. It was started by Vespasian, but it was finished by Tito in A.D. 80. It has an elliptical plant, whose diameters are 188 m. and 156 m. It used to serve as the scenery for gladiators and lions performances until A.D. 523 (when Theodoric prohibited them). |
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| 55.000 people could be hold on its tiers, which were 48 meters high. It was given the name Colosseum because of a colossal statue of Nero that had been built in the surrounding square. In A.D. 315, Constantine built the Arch of Constantine (close to the Colosseum) to celebrate his victory against Maxentius. |
| Visiting Rome, walking tour - Trastevere |
THEATER OF MARCELLUS - begun by Caesar and finished by Augustus, this theatre was a model for the Roman Colosseum (Photo: Ruins of the Theater of Marcellus).
TIBERINA ISLAND - a small island on the Tiber river where today, on the remains of the Temple dedicated to the Greek God of medicine, rises a modern hospital.
CHURCH OF SANTA MARIA IN COSMEDIN - example of the mediaeval Rome, is known because of the Mouth of Truth situated on the arcade. The legend says that this stone (4th century B.C.) eats the hand of the liars. Next to it, you'll find the Boario Forum which dates from the Republican era (2nd century B.C.).
CAMPO DE' FIORI (Field of Flowers) - in this square of the 15th century, the political enemies used to be executed. This is the case of Giordano Bruno, executed in the 17th century. Today, it is the very heart of the Roman young people nightlife.
FOUNTAIN OF THE TURTLES - (Piazza Mattei) finished by Landini in 1585.
JANICULUM HILL - besides a wonderful view of Rome, you'll also find: the church of St. Peter in Montorio and Paola Fountain, built by Fontana and Maderno in 1611 restoring the old aqueduct constructed by Trajan in A.D. 109 to carry water from the Bracciano lake to Rome.
TRASTEVERE - it is still the most characteristic suburb of the city. Upon the old Roman houses, constructions have arisen first in mediaeval, and after in baroque style. Amongst the most imposing churches: S. Maria in Trastevere, the first place of worship ever built in Rome. In spite of some baroque changes (during the 17th century), we can still admire the bell-tower of the 12th century. |
| Visiting Rome, walking tour - Via Veneto |
THE QUIRINAL - nowadays the residence of the President of the Republic of Italy, was built in 1574 by Pope Gregorius XIII on the highest hill of Rome as his summer residence. In the square with the same name, you can admire: Dioscuri Fountain, with the statues of Castor and Pollux, and other wonderful noble buildings all around the square.
PALAZZO BARBERINI - designed by Maderno and finished by Bernini and Borromini in 1640, today houses the National Gallery of Ancient Art. |
| VIA VENETO - the heart of eating and entertaining. It has been a very famous street since Fellini shot there "la Dolce Vita", his world-wide known film. This area became popular in the 17th century, when two of the most important Roman families, the Barberini and the Ludovisi, built there their Palaces. Via Veneto was built in the second half of the 19th century, during the reconstruction of Rome. |
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Lovely restaurants, hotels, and shops have been opened in it since the beginning of the 20th century. In 1960, it used to be the most elegant avenue of the capital, and the tables on the streets became a Mecca for actors and Paparazzi.
After the lost of its splendour over the last decade, nowadays it is undergoing a new youth thanks to the renovation of luxury hotels and restaurants.
BATHS OF DIOCLETIAN - built in A.D. 300 by Emperor Diocletian to meet the needs of the Romans who lived north of the city, and thus too far from the Baths of Caracalla.
ST. MARY MAJOR - built in A.D. 365 on the Esquiline Hill, has the highest bell tower of Rome. The present facade was rebuilt in the 18th century. Wonderful mosaics can be admired on the walls of the central nave (6th century), and on the apse (13th century). |
| Visiting Rome, walking tour - Piazza Navona |
ST. MARY ABOVE MINERVA - the only large Gothic church of the city, was designed by the Dominican Friars (who also designed Santa Maria Novella in Florence).
PANTHEON - raised by M.V. Agrippa in 27 B.C., was dedicated to Mars and Venus. This Roman building has been restored over the centuries, thus leading to a modification of its original structure. Domitian restored it in A.D. 80. after a fire, and Hadrian did it some years later. It was closed by the first Christian Emperors, and then devoted to Virgin Mary and opened to the worship. It underwent through important restorations during the Renaissance. Amongst the tombs of great Italian artists that it houses we find that of Raphael, and that of Umberto I, King of Italy.
PIAZZA NAVONA - on its lengthened oval plant are placed 3 splendid fountains, amongst which Fountain of the Four Rivers, by Bernini. Piazza Navona was built on the Stadium Domitian ruins in A.D. 1650 and nowadays it is surrounded by Baroque buildings, such as Palazzo Pamphili, present headquarters of the Brazilian Embassy, and Sant'Agnese in Agone by Borromini.
PALAZZO ALTEMPS - the Palace was built near a once devoted to Apollo temple, and was to be the residence of the nephew of Pope Sisto IV. In 1570, it was restored by desire of its new owner, Cardinal Altemps. At the end of the 19th century, the Palace, property of the Vatican, was given to be used by the Pontificio Collegio Spagnolo (Spanish Pontifical College ). This lasted until 1982, when it was given to the Italian state. In 1997, it became a museum and today, houses one of the most interesting collections of Roman sculpture.
CASTEL SANT'ANGELO - was built in A.D. 35 as the mausoleum of Emperor Hadrian. Afterwards, it was used by Aurelian as a fortress. Residence, fortress, and mediaeval prison, it was embellish by Pope Alexander VI, by Pope Julius II, and by Pope Paul III. In 1277, the Vatican Corridor was built to link the Vatican Palace to the Castle, thus giving the Pope an eventual way to escape during the periods of political instability. Today, it houses an important Military Artistic Museum. |
| Visiting Rome, walking tour - The Vatican |
The Vatican City has been the smallest independent state of Europe since 1929, as a result of the Lateran Treaties between the Italian State and the Catholic Church.
ST. PETER'S BASILICA - was erected during the Constantine Empire, replacing the Nero Circus, where Peter, one of the apostles, was martyred and buried in A.D. 324. Before 1309, when the Pope moved to Avignone, the pontifical court was in St. John Lateran. In 1377, when the pontifical court came back to Rome, the Pope Nicholas V decided to rebuild a new Basilica, but the work was interruppted till 1503 when the Pope Julius II gived the project to Bramante. The best artists of the Renaissance and Baroque periods worked on this project that lasted for more than 100 years. The Basilica is nowadays 187 m. long and 132 m. high and is the heart of Christianity. Don't miss to admire:
THE HOLY DOOR - opened every 25 years for the Jubilee.
THE BRONZE BALDACHIN - by Bernini in the centre of the church.
THE PIETA' - carved by Michelangelo when he was young.
THE TREASURE - under the monument in memory of Pius VIII is the entrance to the Sacricristies, a series of rooms where we can admire the colllection of gifts given to the Pope from 1300 (the first Jubilee) to present.
THE SACRED GROTTES - within one of the pillars that support the Dome, we find the stairway to get to the Grottoes. Here are the tombs of 20 popes, many cardinals, an emperor and a lot of works of art, a sign of the Old Basilica.
ST. PETER'S SQUARE - the largest one of Rome (314 meters long), its centre is occupied by an Egyptian Obelisk 25 metres high, and two fountains: by Maderno on the right and by Fontana on the left. The wonderful colonnade was made by Bernini in the middle of the 17th century and the facade was built by Maderno at the beginning of A.D. 1600. |
| THE DOME - finished by Della Porta following the original project of Michelangelo, who died before the end of the works. Thanks to a lift, we get to a terrace overhanging the central nave and 92 meters high. Here we find the stairs to the Loggia that surrounds the skylight. |
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| Visiting Rome, walking tour - EUR, Appian way |
ST. PETER'S IN CHAINS - famous for the Statue of Moses, one of Michelangelo's most important sculptures.
THE EXCITING DOMUS AUREA - (Oppian Hill) the house of Nero, recently opened to visitors after an important work of restoration
ST. JOHN IN LATERAN - cathedral of Rome and Papal seat until the Pope had to move to Avignone. Borromini worked on this cathedral for the Jubilee Year A.D. 1650. Its facade was rebuilt in the 18th century and inside it a tabernacle of the 15th century can be admired together with a cloister from the 13th century.
THE BATHS OF CARACALLA - built in A.D. 217 by Emperor Caracalla, are the present evidence of that past magnificence. The Baths of Caracalla held about 1.500 Romans and worked during 300 years, until the Barbarian invasion took place.
ST. SEBASTIAN GATE - is the biggest and best preserved of the 18 gates that led to the inner City. (Walls were built by Emperor Aurelian in A.D. 270). Walking through Via di Porta S. Sebastiano (St. Sebastian Gate Street) and passing by the Gate of the same name, you'll arrive to the Old Appian Way.
OLD APPIAN WAY - during the Roman Empire, the area around the Coliseum towards the Celio used to be an exclusive one. Don't miss: the Catacombs of St. Calisto and the Tomb of Caecilia Metella.
ST. PAUL OUTSIDE THE WALLS BASILICA (Via Ostiense) - built by Emperor Constantine over the place where the Apostle of the People had been buried. The present Basilica was built in the middle of the 19th century following a fire in A.D. 1823 that destroyed the old Basilica. It still preserves the bronze door of the 11th century. Inside, you'll see the ciborium by Arnolfo di Cambio (13th century) and the mosaic on the apse (13th century).
EUR - area of Rome built by Mussolini to celebrate the 20th anniversary of his regime. Inside these buildings, a Universal Exhibition had been scheduled for the year 1942, but the war interrupted the works. Later on, EUR has become an administrative centre. The most beautiful buildings are: Palazzo dei Congressi designed by Libera in 1938, Palazzo della Civiltà del Lavoro (also called Square Coliseum because of its structure - five floors of travertine arches - which evokes that monument), and Palazzo dello sport by Nervi. |
| Visiting Rome, walking tour - the paradise for luxury shopping |
Rome is the best city round the world where art, relax, and shopping can be melted. Tourists can admire its monuments, statues and fountains while they walk downtown for shopping. The area between Piazza di Spagna and Piazza del Popolo is nowadays the paradise for shopping. From Piazza di Spagna starts the exclusive Via Condotti, simply the best for elegant shopping, housing shops of Gucci, Prada, Ferragamo, Bulgari, Cartier, Valentino...
PIAZZA DEL POPOLO - restored by Valadier in A.D. 1824 during the Napoleon era, preserving the already existing buildings. Here you'll find two twin churches, St. Mary of Montesanto and St. Mary of the Miracles, and still another church, St. Maria del Popolo (considered to be a museum since it houses works of art by Raphael, Bernini, Pinturicchio, and Caravaggio). This could be the shopping arrival point, the ideal place to have a rest before going up to the terrace of the Pincio and to Casina Valadier. Three important streets start from Piazza del Popolo, the three of them of great importance for all Romans: Via del Babuino, Via del Corso, and Via di Ripetta. Via del Babuino is famous for the shops specialised in selling antique carpets, paintings, and furniture. Before buying, ask for a detailed description of the article you're interested in.
VIA DEL CORSO - full of casual style shops, is the right place for young people in search of shopping and meeting people (especially on Saturdays). Walking along Via del Corso from Piazza del Popolo towards Piazza Venezia, you'll find Piazza San Lorenzo in Lucina and Piazza Colonna. Piazza San Lorenzo in Lucina, recently restored, is a nice place to have a delicious "cappuccino" or an express coffee inside an elegant bar or under a kiosk.
PIAZZA COLONNA - occupied by Palazzo Chigi (Government seat) and Montecitorio (Parliament seat). From here, it is easy to arrive to Piazza Sant'Ignazio, splendid square of the 18th century. |
| PIAZZA DI SPAGNA (Spanish Steps) - has been always crowded with rich tourists and artists since the 18th century. Today, it is probably the most famous square over the world thanks to the "Italian Style". Here, the fashion parade "Donna Sotto le Stelle", world-wide known as "Rome Under the Stars", takes place at the beginning of the summer. |
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A marvellous fountain, called "Barcaccia" (by Bernini), occupies the centre of the square.
On the right, you'll find the Keats-Shelley Memorial House and on the left, Babington, one of the most exclusive Tea Rooms of Rome. Going up the Spanish Steps, you'll arrive to Trinità dei Monti, a small Gothic style church built in A.D. 1495. Due to the marvellous view of the square that it offers, this is one of the destinations preferred not only by tourists, but also by local people. Hotel Hasler, close to the church, is probably the best hotel of the city thanks to the view that can be enjoyed while having breakfast on its terrace. Near Piazza di Spagna is Piazza Mignanelli, famous for the Valentine's Fashion Academy, for the Spanish Embassy, which gives the name to the entire area, and for the first McDonalds ever opened in Rome.
VILLA BORGHESE - one of the biggest villas of the city, famous thanks to the spring equestrian event that takes place there. In the heart of the park, you'll find Casino Borghese, built by Cardinal Scipione Borghese in the early 17th century. Nowadays it houses the Museum and the Borghese Gallery. |
| TREVI FOUNTAIN - designed by Nicola Salvi and finished in 1762. In its centre, you can see Neptune surrounded by two newts symbolising the sea. As the tradition says, tourists today still throw coins into the most spectacular fountain of Rome. |
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| Visiting Rome, walking tour - Tivoli |
Little town 30 km north-east from Rome. It can be reached by train from Roma Termini station or by bus, from the underground stop Ponte Mammolo (line B). It is one of the nicest places for a short trip outside the city
VILLA D'ESTE - built by Cardinal Ippolito D'Este in the middle of the 16th century. It is worth admiring the waterfalls of the more than 100 Fountains, amongst which: Fontana del Bicchierone (Big Glass Fountain) by Bernini and the terraces by Giacomo della Porta.
HADRIAN'S VILLA - built by Emperor Hadrian in A.D. 120 as a summer residence, nowadays is an open museum due to its intact remains from the Roman age. |
| Visiting Rome, from the Ancient Ruins of Rome to present |
| The Rome of the Imperial age is brought again to life with all its splendour thanks to faithful reconstructions of the most interesting archaeological sites. The legend says that Rome was founded on April 21st, 753 B.C. by Romulus and Remus, the twins born from Vestal Virgin Rhea Silvia and God Mars. After 3 Etruscan kingdoms, Rome became a Republic and, following several wars, (amongst them, the victory against the elephants of Pyrrhus is a well-known one), the Romans conquered the Italic Peninsula, built roads, set up colonies, and laid down laws. Then, came the Punic Wars against Carthage for the domination of the Mediterranean sea. Nothing could stop the trend of the Roman hegemony and with Julius Caesar, the Empire won also Spain, France, Greece, and North Africa. But, at the same time, the great differences between the life standard of rich people and that of the slaves led to internal straggles. This resulted in the transformation of the Republic into a Kingdom when Caesar took the control of the Empire, situation that went on until his assassination. A civil war followed that lasted until Augustus was appointed the new Emperor. Innumerable public works were carried out during this period, such as forums, aqueducts, and temples. The interior crisis caused by the introduction of a new religion, Christianity, together with the Barbarians pressure, led to the end of the Empire. In A.D. 600, the Byzantines took the power and, only thanks to Charlemagne, Rome became the centre of the Christianity. Those were the years in which the noble catholic families controlled the city, which was undergoing through the worst period of its history. The Renaissance artists bring in the recovery of Rome during the second half of the 15th century, which is then continued by the Baroque artists reconstruction. During the Napoleon era, the Pope was exiled and the City fell under the control of the French. In 1814, the Pope took up his post again and kept it until 1849 when, after the First War of Independence, the temporal power of the Pope was abolished. Some years later, the troops of the Kingdom conquered Rome and, in 1870, the city became the capital of Italy succeeding Turin. At the beginning of the 20th century, Mussolini took the control of the Kingdom and treated a reconciliation with the Pope, acknowledging a small independent state, The Vatican. At the end of the World War, Rome became the capital of the Republic of Italy. |
| Visiting Rome, museums in Rome |
THE VATICAN MUSEUMS - Viale Vaticano. The Vatican Museums are a group of palaces with about 10.000 rooms, galleries, libraries, halls, gardens, full of works of art of every kind, including:
The Chiaramonti Museum - houses a series of Greek-Roman works, statues, sacophagi, reliefs, and many Egyptian statues, brought to Rome by Augustus.
The Pio Clementino Museum - houses the porphyry vase from the Thermae of Titus, the Statue of Apollo, the Laocoon (an original Hellenistic works of the 1st century B.C.) the Athlete of Lysippus. |
| Raphael's Rooms - Raphael was introduced to the Pope Julius II by Bramante, and the Pope gave Raphael the project to paint several rooms of the Vatican apartment. |
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The Sistine Chapel - in 1475 the Pope Sixtus IV decided to build the Sistine Chapel, an essential building, isolated from the other buildings and fortified. In 1483, the best painters of the Renaissance started working here. Perugino, Botticelli, and others, illustrated the Old and New Testaments. In 1508, the Pope Julius II ordered Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Chapel. He worked 3 years to paint a surface of 800 square meters, famous are the Episodes from Genesis. After 23 years, Michelangelo painted the Last Judgement fresco on the wall behind the altar.
The Vatican Picture Gallery - the Pope Pius XI built this Gallery in 1932 to placed the Vatican collection started in 1800 by Pius VI. Here we find the best works of art by: Giotto, Cimabue, Beato Angelico, Melozzo da Forlì, Perugino, Raphael, Crivelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Titian, Domenichino, Caravaggio, and a room dedicated to the Modern Art.
CAPITOLINE MUSEUMS - Piazza del Campidoglio, 1. A big flight of steps lead to Piazza del Campidoglio: on the right you'll find Palazzo dei Conservatori (Conservatories Palace) (1400), the Pinacoteca Capitolina and Museo Nuovo, whereas on the left, you'll find Palazzo Nuovo (1600). There are antique sculptures of marble and bronze representing the history of the city, for example: the equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius and the Capitoline Wolf. The collection has also Greek and Etruscan vases. The Appartamento dei Conservatori (Conservatories Apartment) is decorated with imposing frescoes of the 16th and 17th centuries representing the history of Rome. Its rooms preserve antique and Baroque sculptures, such as: the statue of Urban VIII, and the Testa di Medusa (Jellyfish Head) by Bernini. Don't miss the Roman tapestries of the 18th century. The Pinacoteca Capitolina houses paintings by: Caravaggio, Tiziano, and Rubens, as well as a beautiful collection of porcelains.
CASTEL SANT'ANGELO - Lungotevere Castello, 50. It was built in A.D. 35 as the mausoleum of Emperor Hadrian. Afterwards, it was used by Aurelian as a fortress. Residence, fortress, and mediaeval prison, it was embellish by Pope Alexander VI, by Pope Julius II, and by Pope Paul III. In 1277, the Vatican Corridor was built to link the Vatican Palace to the Castle, thus giving the Pope an eventual way to escape during the periods of political instability. Today, it houses an important Military Artistic Museum.
BORGHESE GALLERY - Piazza Borghese Scipione, 5. The museum is situated in the palace built at the beginning of the 17th century by desire of Cardinal Scipione Borghese. Amongst the wonders it houses are: the statue of Paolina Borghese (Napoleon's sister) carved by Canova, as well as David, and Apollo and Daphne, two of the most representative masterpieces of Bernini.
PALAZZO ALTEMPS - Piazza S. Apollinare, 44. The Palace was built near a once devoted to Apollo temple, and was to be the residence of the nephew of Pope Sisto IV. In 1570, it was restored by desire of its new owner, Cardinal Altemps. At the end of the 19th century, the Palace, property of the Vatican, was given to be used by the Pontificio Collegio Spagnolo (Spanish Pontifical College ). This lasted until 1982, when it was given to the Italian state. In 1997, it became a museum and today, houses one of the most interesting collections of Roman sculpture.
PALAZZO MASSIMO - Largo di villa Peretti, 1. Along its four floors, you'll find works of antique art, Roman Numismatics, and Goldsmith's art. It also houses a rich collection of portraits, mosaics, and sculptures of the imperial villas, such as the Nero one. Don't miss the visit to the Aula Ottagona ex Planetarium.
VILLA GIULIA - Piazzale di Villa Giulia, 9. The Museum houses Etruscan art finds, such as Apollo by Veio.
MUNICIPAL GALLERY OF MODERN ART - Via Cagliari, 29. The present collection counts 5.000 works and shows a wide range of the 20th century Italian art. You'll find works by: De Chirico, Balla, Costa, Carrà, Morandi. The Gallery was inaugurated in 1925 and, after being moved several times, to Palazzo Caffarelli, to Palazzo delle Esposizioni (Exhibitions Palace), to Palazzo Braschi, and to St. Joseph's Convent, today is settled in the once factory of Birra Peroni (Peroni Beer) (industrial building of the early 20th century).
COLONNA GALLERY - Via della Pilotta, 17. The Gallery is inside Palazzo Colonna and houses paintings of artists from the 15th to the 18th century. Amongst the most interesting works of art you'll find paintings by Tintoretto, Bronzino, and Guercino.
DORIA PAMPHILI GALLERY - Piazza Collegio Romano, 2. This gallery houses about 400 paintings from the 15th to the 18th century. Amongst them, works of Caravaggio, Tiziano, Bellini, and the portrait of Pope Innocent X Pamphili by Velazquez.
NATIONAL GALLERY OF MODERN ART - Viale delle Belle Arti, 131. The Gallery houses paintings of the 19th and 20th centuries.
PALAZZO VENEZIA - Via del Plebiscito, 118. It houses an important collection of gold objects and ceramics, as well as a collection of Odescalchi weapons.
VILLA DORIA PAMPHILI - Via Aurelia Antica, 183. The Villa is the family oldest residence inside the park. Don't miss: the greenhouses of the 19th century built with cast iron and crystal, and the many gardens. The Museum keeps paintings, sculptures, and pictures of the Doria Pamphili family.
KEATS-SHELLEY MUSEUM - Piazza di Spagna, 26. This house, where the English poet John Keats stayed in 1820, was bought by an English-American association in 1906, and since then, it has been housing the foundation dedicated to the English Romantic poets. It keeps relics and portraits of the English poets Keats, Shelley, and Byron. |
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| Venice |
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Florence |
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Florence, The Old Bridge |
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